🔹Diet and nutrition play pivotal roles in modulating aging processes, and plant-based diets rich in bioactive phytonutrients may help mitigate the hallmarks of aging and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
🔹Diet, particularly plant-based diets rich in phytonutrients, is central to influencing healthspan. These diets can modulate oxidative stress, inflammation, metabolism, and cellular repair processes, supporting overall health and functional abilities in aging.
🔹Phytonutrients and Their Benefits
1. Spermidine: Found in soybeans, peas, and spinach, spermidine enhances mitochondrial function, induces autophagy, and has anti-inflammatory properties. Epidemiological studies link higher spermidine intake with reduced all-cause mortality.
2. Ergothioneine: Present in mushrooms and black beans, ergothioneine has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-senescent properties. Its levels decline with age, but supplementation shows promise in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
3. Polyphenols:
- Flavonoids (e.g., Cocoa Flavanols, Luteolin, Fisetin, Quercetin): These compounds, found in cocoa, carrots, strawberries, and onions, have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects. They modulate pathways involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular senescence.
- Stilbenes (e.g., Resveratrol, Pterostilbene): Resveratrol, found in grape skins and red wine, and pterostilbene, abundant in blueberries, have demonstrated potential to extend lifespan and improve healthspan by influencing metabolic regulation, stress resistance, and longevity genes.
4. Beta-diketones (e.g., Curcumin):*Curcumin from turmeric has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and autophagy-enhancing properties. It targets multiple aging pathways but has poor bioavailability, which can be improved through various formulation strategies.
5. Benzo-coumarins (e.g., Urolithin A): Derived from ellagitannins in pomegranates and nuts, Urolithin A promotes mitophagy and reduces oxidative stress, improving muscle strength and cognitive function in aging populations.
6. Glucosinolates (e.g., Glucoraphanin): Found in cruciferous vegetables, glucoraphanin converts to sulforaphane, which activates cytoprotective enzymes and reduces oxidative stress and inflammation.
7. Carotenoids (e.g., Astaxanthin): Sourced from crustaceans and salmon, astaxanthin has superior antioxidant properties and potential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects.
8. Plant Extracts (e.g., Rosemary, Ginger): Rosemary contains compounds like rosmarinic acid and carnosic acid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Ginger, rich in gingerols and shogaols, modulates cellular pathways to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation.
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