Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Their Detrimental Effects
The mitochondrial electron transport system is responsible for producing nearly 90% of total cellular ROS.
ROS are capable of oxidizing molecules such as proteins, lipids, and DNA, leading to damage.
ROS and Aging
ROS play a dual role by influencing intracellular signaling pathways and enhancing immunologic defenses against pathogens.
ROS are recognized as major mediators of age-related cellular damage and the development of some age-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
Mitochondrial Function Deterioration
ROS-induced damage particularly affects the OXPHOS system and causes changes in the activity of mitochondrial respiratory enzymes.
Complex I and III of the ETC are the primary sites of ROS production, and damage at these sites contributes to the overall decline in mitochondrial function.
Aging Process and Mitochondrial Damage
The increase in ROS associated with aging leads to the accumulation of mutations in mitochondrial DNA, further deteriorating mitochondrial functions.
