Mechanisms of GLP-1-Based Drugs:
The regulation of body weight involves complex interactions between the brain and adipose tissue, integrating various signals related to the body's energetic state. Key hormones involved in this gut-brain-fat communication axis include leptin, adiponectin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), glucagon, and several gastrointestinal peptides like ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY), and cholecystokinin (CCK). GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon play crucial roles in regulating food intake, satiety, and energy balance.
Glucagon: Traditionally known for its role in counteracting hypoglycemia, glucagon has emerged as a critical player in metabolic regulation. Enhanced glucagon receptor (GCGR) signaling has been shown to effectively reduce body weight by inhibiting food intake, stimulating energy expenditure, and modulating lipid metabolism. GCGR agonism may be a viable option for treating metabolic diseases associated with obesity.
GIP: Secreted from enteroendocrine K cells in the upper intestine, GIP plays a significant role in adipose tissue blood flow and lipid deposition. GIP-driven weight loss is synergistically enhanced when combined with GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonism, making it a promising candidate for obesity treatment.
GLP-1: Identified for its role in stimulating insulin and inhibiting glucagon secretion, GLP-1 is essential in regulating glucose homeostasis. Beyond its glycemic effects, GLP-1 has cardio- and neuroprotective properties and significantly influences body weight by inhibiting food intake through centrally mediated mechanisms.
🔸 It doesn’t end here—the progress in molecular technologies within pharmacology is starting to surpass its time. I admit that this success isn’t evident in every field, but especially in the highly competitive and rewarding area of obesity, the latest cutting-edge drug, 'retatrutide,' stands out. If you're interested in examining its molecular structure, I've included an additional visual. (PMID:39019866)
Comentários